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This is the support site for Andrews & Arnold Ltd, a UK Internet provider. Information on these pages is generally for our customers but may be useful to others, enjoy!
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[[File:Snom710.png|link=:Category:VoIP|Go to the VoIP Category]]
Allowing appropriate SIP and RTP packets through a firewall is the key to reliable VoIP communication. This is what we suggest firewall-wise for VoIP customers:
Avoid using NAT where possible. However, some NAT gateways provide an adequate SIP ALG (e.g. Technicolor TG582), and some devices provide NAT that works with the new call server (e.g. FireBrick FB2700 and many simple NAT routers). If NAT works, then well done, but if not we cannot guarantee to be able to make it work.
Customers should add all IPs above to their firewall rules even if you don't see traffic from or to them. This is a fairly large number of addresses but it means we can expand our platform over time as well as accommodate hosting our equipment in diverse datacentres.
'''SIP''' is the call routing information that creates and manages calls. If incoming SIP packets are blocked, incoming calls will fail. In practice if you allow port 5060 from the outside world you'll see attacks and possibly receive spam phone calls. We do not recommend leaving 5060 open unless you really know what you are doing. Phones rarely use ports as low as 5060 for media.
'''RTP''' is the actual media (e.g., the audio). On our platform the RTP will come from the same call server IP address as the SIP control messages. On most phones you can configure which ports to
On routers which need one rule per IP address range you can halve the number of firewall rules needed as long as the source IP address ranges for SIP and RTP are the same and that the RTP port range you specify includes 5060.
=Example consumer router config=
The following example is for an AAISP-supplied ZyXEL router. It assumes you have locked down the destination RTP port range on clients to ports 5000-5098. Because the Custom Destination Port range covers port 5060 we get away with half the rules - 6, rather than 12!
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!colspan="7"|Firewall Rules on the AAISP VoIP Platform
=NAT=
Avoid using NAT where possible. However, some NAT gateways provide an adequate SIP ALG (e.g. Technicolor TG582), and some devices provide NAT that works with the new call server (e.g. FireBrick 2500/2700 and many simple NAT routers). Using a STUN server (e.g. ''stun.aa.net.uk''} is another possible solution. If NAT works, then well done, but if not we cannot guarantee to be able to make it work. See: [[VoIP NAT]]
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